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Big banks have taken many steps during the past few years to ensure that they have enough capital on hand in case of another financial crisis. But the Federal Reserve wants them to do even more.

The Fed unveiled a proposal Tuesday for rules that would force several large financial firms to boost the amount of capital they need.

The Fed is calling the new requirements "capital surcharges." The amount that the banks have to set aside would depend on how risky the bank is deemed to be by a set of criteria determined by the Fed.

The proposal would affect eight of the nation's largest banks. These financial firms are considered "systemically important" by the Fed and all have more than $50 billion in assets:

- JPMorgan Chase (JPM)

- Bank of America (BAC)

- Citigroup (C)

- Wells Fargo (WFC)

- Goldman Sachs (GS)

- Morgan Stanley (MS)

- Bank of New York Mellon (BK)

- State Street (STT)

These banks are already subject to fairly strict global regulations regarding capital, known as Basel III.

But the Fed thinks that its rules will (and should) be even more stringent.

In particular, the Fed is trying to make sure that large banks don't rely as much on certain types of short-term sources of credit known as wholesale funding. The Fed has expressed concerns that relying on wholesale funding could make these firms vulnerable to bank runs that could quickly threaten their solvency.

During a conference call with reporters, a Fed official said that the new rules will hopefully encourage the large banks to reduce the amount of risk they take on, which would make them less likely to be considered "too big to fail" in the event of another market meltdown like 2008.

The rules are set to phase in over a period of three years beginning in 2016. A Fed official said all eight banks are already on track to meet the new capital limits by the end of the phase-in period in 2019.

So the new requirements, if enacted, may not wind up having that big of an impact on the industry.

Nonetheless, several Fed officials on the call defended the proposal, saying it is necessary even after Basel III and actions taken by the banks themselves.

Wall Street didn't seem too concerned either.

Shares of all eight banks were lower Tuesday afternoon, but that was along with the broader market. And most of the banks moved off their lows as the day wore on. 

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American Airlines Inc. announced Monday that it will invest more than $2 billion in airplane and airport upgrades beginning next year.

It will modernize older airplanes in its own fleet and that of merger partner US Airways. It will update Admirals Clubs. And it will remodel airport waiting areas.

“In 2015, we’re going to have product improvements, a lot of them, to take the level of the product above where either airline is today,” American chairman and CEO Doug Parker said in a Nov. 25 interview, ahead of Monday’s announcement.

Passengers “should expect to see improvements over time and we want to make sure they know it’s coming.”

The $2 billion is in addition to the billions American Airlines and merger partner US Airways are spending over a number of years to replace older airplanes with newer airplanes. The newer airplanes generally have more amenities than the ones they are replacing.

Among the changes:

1. American will refurnish its Boeing 777-200 fleet from head to tail. American will have lie-flat seats in the premium class sections of 777-200s and other aircraft that fly on international routes, including the Boeing 757 and Boeing 767-300ERs.
   
   
2. The Airbus A319s flown by US Airways will get new seats throughout and will receive “Main Cabin Express” seating that provides more legroom. The A319s will also get powerports in each row. This work is scheduled to be finished by year end 2016.
   
   
3. Airplanes flying on international routes will be equipped with satellite-based Internet access for customers.
   
   
4. Its airport lounges, the Admirals Clubs, will be updated with new furnishings and décor and improved food offerings.
   
   
5. American plans to remodel its airport areas with better kiosks at check-in counters, plus 400 kiosks in gate areas so passengers can reprint boarding passes and ask for seating upgrades.
   
   
6. “Customers will also see 500 worktables with 12 power outlets each and seating for eight people near gates at all hub and gateway airports so they can charge their devices before their flight.”

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Sterling and the New Zealand and Australian dollars were the main losers among major currencies in early European trade on Monday, extending losses as the dollar continued to draw support from Friday's strong US jobs data.

Both the Aussie and the kiwi were hurt by trade numbers from China showing a sharp drop in imports with another 1 percent slide from oil also feeding sales of currencies traditionally dependent on commodity prices.

Among big events for markets this week are the European Central Bank's second offer of targeted loans (TLTRO) to banks and speeches by a handful of U.S. Federal Reserve policymakers ahead of next week's final policy meeting of the year.

"The jobs numbers supported the dollar and we expect this trend to continue ahead of the Fed meeting as interest rate expectations continue to adjust," said Josh O'Byrne, a strategist with Citi in London.

The surprisingly robust US jobs data bolstered the view that the Fed could raise interest rates sooner than expected next year and the dollar was up another 0.1 percent against a basket of currencies in early European trade.

Most major banks continue to predict further gains for the dollar against its major peers in 2015, although the surge past 120 yen has left some wondering how much juice there still is in the yen trade, at least for now.

There is also Japan's general election on Dec. 14 to contend with, currently seen as likely to give a boost to Prime Minister Shinzo Abe and reflationary policies which weaken the yen.

The euro fell further in early trade in Europe, hitting a low of $1.2252 after comments from ECB policymaker Ewald Nowotny highlighting the weakness of the euro zone economy.

"We expect the euro to continue to weaken in the week ahead," analysts from French bank BNP Paribas said in a note to clients. "Another low TLTRO uptake could put some upside pressure on euro front-end rates. However, low demand would also increase the chances of an increase in asset purchases (by the ECB) early next year."

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American companies added 208,000 net new jobs in November, posting another solid though slightly disappointing month of labor market gains, payroll firm Automatic Data Processing said Wednesday.

The figure was down from an upwardly revised 233,000 private-sector jobs created in October, ADP said. November’s total also came in below the 225,000 analysts had expected.

Still, the closely watched figure indicates that the economy is continuing its nearly yearlong stretch of strong job growth.

“Steady as she goes in the job market,” said Mark Zandi, chief economist at Moody’s Analytics, which assists ADP in preparing the report. “Monthly job gains remain consistently over 200,000.”

Zandi predicted that the pace would lead to the unemployment rate dropping by 0.5 percentage points a year.

Economists expect the Labor Department to report Friday the private and public sectors added a combined 230,000 net new jobs in November and that the unemployment rate held steady at a more-than-six-year-low of 5.8 percent.

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