Dollar shortage occurs when a country has no sufficient dollar supply in order to manage its international payments. With USD being the most popular currency in the world most of international transactions are conducted in American national currency.

Reserve currency is a currency reserved by a country in order to make payments or to be ready for investments, international transactions and debt obligations.

Research note is a statement from a brokerage firm that contain information that can be used for current day’s trading. It can be a state od currency couple, news of politics that influence trading or news of economy state as a whole.

Limit up is the maximum amount by which the price for commodity futures can grow in the span of one trading day.

Per-share basis is a measure used in financial and trading world to demonstrate the quantity of something for one share of a company's stock. It includes but not limited to earnings per share, cash flow per share, revenue per share and debt per share.

A scalper is a trader who holds a position in a security for a short period of time to make a profit. Scalpers buy and sell many times in a day and this way they make small and consistent profit out of these trades.

To liquidate means to convert into cash in the conditions of an open market.

Market value is the value of the product that would be assigned to it should it enter the market.

Hammer candlestick appears on a chart when the asset trades much lower than its opening but surges within the period to close near opening price. These moves form hammer-shaped candlestick where the lower shadow is at least twice as big as the body of the stick itself.

An offsetting change in margin account, made in the span of one trading day, that results in no overall change in the account value is called same-day substitution. When it is made, there is no need for generating a margin call.